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MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Mitosis is a type of cell division with many vital functions including embryonic development, promoting tissue growth after birth, and replacing damaged or dying cells in the body. In mitosis, there is one division, and the resulting two daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes as the parental cell. These cells are called diploid cells because they contain 23 pairs of chromosomes with each pair containing one maternal and one paternal chromosome. After DNA replication, mitosis begins with prophase, during which chromatin condenses into chromosomes, each consisting of two identical sister chromatids. The nuclear envelope dissolves, and spindle fibers begin to grow from the cell's centrioles. During metaphase, the spindle fibers pull the chromosomes into alignment in the center of the cell. In anaphase, each chromosome consisting of two genetically identical chromatids splits in two. Each chromatid, now considered a single-stranded daughter chromosome, migrates to the opposite end of the cell from its twin. During telophase, nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes as the cell finishes dividing. Meiosis is a type of cell division with one purpose, to produce eggs and sperm called gametes. In meiosis, there are two divisions in succession, resulting in four daughter cells. Each daughter cell contains half the number of chromosomes of the initial parental cell. The daughter cells are called haploid cells because they contain 23 unpaired chromosomes. After DNA replication, the first cell division, or meiosis 1, begins with prophase 1, during which chromosomes condense. Late in prophase 1, chromatids in each pair break and exchange corresponding sections of DNA in a process called crossing over, thus creating new combinations of genes. During metaphase 1, homologous chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Each pair can line up randomly from left to right in a process called independent assortment. In anaphase 1, each pair of chromosomes separates, and in telophase 1, the cell divides, resulting in two haploid daughter cells. The second meiotic division, or meiosis 2, begins with prophase 2, during which the cell prepares to divide again. In metaphase 2, the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. During anaphase 2, each chromosome is pulled apart into two sister chromatids, each now considered a single-stranded chromosome. In telophase 2, the two cells divide, resulting in four haploid daughter cells. Once meiosis is complete, the male and female gametes each contain a unique set of 23 single-stranded chromosomes, ultimately resulting in the genetic variability of humans. Once these gametes meet, they become a single fertilized cell called a zygote. The zygote has 46 chromosomes, and continues to develop using mitosis. ♪ [music] ♪
"I wanted to take some time out to let you know what a wonderful job you did
with the 'collapsed lung/fractured rib' illustrations. They were both
detailed and accurate. My medical expert was comfortable working with them
and he spent at least an hour explaining to the jury the anatomy of the
lungs, the ribs and the injuries depicted in the illustrations. Needless to
say, the jury was riveted to the doctor during his testimony.
The jury returned a verdict for $800,000.00 and I'm sure we would not have
done so well if not for the visualizations we were able to put forth with
your assistance. Lastly, my special thanks to Alice [Senior Medical
Illustrator] who stayed late on Friday night and patiently dealt with my
last minute revisions."
Daniel J. Costello
Proner & Proner
New York, NY
"Whether it's demonstrating a rotator cuff tear, neck movement a few
milliseconds after rear impact, or a proposed lumbar fusion, the Doe Report
represents an instant on-line database of medical illustration for
health-care and legal professionals.
Illustrations can be purchased 'as is' or modified within hours and sent
either electronically or mounted on posterboard. An illustration is worth a
thousand words, as juries perk up and look intently to capture concepts
that are otherwise too abstract. Start with good illustrations, a clear and
direct voice, a view of the jury as 12 medical students on day one of
training, and your expert testimony becomes a pleasure, even on cross
examination. An experienced trial lawyer should also emphasize these
illustrations at the end of trial, as a means of visually reinforcing key
concepts covered.
As a treating physician, I also use these accurate illustrations to educate
my own patients about their medical conditions. The Doe Report is an
invaluable resource, and its authors at MLA have always been a pleasure to
work with."
Richard E. Seroussi M.D., M.Sc.
Diplomate, American Boards of Electrodiagnostic Medicine and PM&R
Seattle Spine & Rehabilitation Medicine
www.seattlespine.info
"The Doe Report is a visual feast of medical information for personal injury
lawyers."
Aaron R. Larson, Esq. President ExpertLaw.com
"We are extremely pleased with the quality of the medical exhibits and the
timely manner in which they were provided. I will certainly recommend
your company to my business associates who could benefit from your services.
Please tell Brian Wilson [Director of Content Development, Senior Medical
Illustrator] that he did an exceptional job on these exhibits."
Medical Legal Art creates medical demonstrative evidence (medical
illustrations, drawings, pictures, graphics, charts, medical animations,
anatomical models, and interactive presentations) for use during legal
proceedings, including research, demand letters, client conferences,
depositions, arbitrations, mediations, settlement conferences, mock jury
trials and for use in the courtroom. We do not provide legal or medical
advice. If you have legal questions, you should find a lawyer with whom you
can discuss your case issues. If you have medical questions, you should seek the advice of a healthcare provider.
